ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The clinical assessments using the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and model for end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na) scores are heterogeneous. The present study aims to collate most relevant markers of chronic liver disease as a new score BICEPS (Bilirubin, INR, Creatinine, Encephalopathy, Platelet and Sodium) an alternate to CTP and MELD-Na in patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Methods: From January 2019 till December 2021, patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were included. Patients were classified as per the CTP, MELD-Na and BICEPS scoring systems using a proforma. The BICEPS score is created by the authors and study intended to validate clinically. Results: In 211 patients, were evaluated during the study period including COVID pandemic period. The mean MELD-Na score was 23.49 ± 8.42, ranging 7 to 42, while CTP score ranged from 5 to 15, with a mean value of 9.65 ± 2.76. We classified patients as per scoring to 16%, 32% and 52% as Grade A, B and C on CTP respectively and 6%, 54% and 40% as Grade A, B and C on BICEPS respectively. We observed moderate level of agreement between BICEPS and CTP [Cohen’s kappa = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 0.69, p value < 0.01]. BICEPS correlated strongly with both MELD-Na [Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.84, p value < 0.01] and CTP (r = 0.83, p value < 0.01). Conclusions: BICEPS yet another clinical scoring that has a moderate level of agreement with CTP and significant correlation with both CTP and MELD Na. Being a clinical scoring helps bedside estimation easy and includes all the 6 critical markers of CLD and is comparable to MELD Na without a calculator. Further studies are required with more number of patients for validating the BICEPS score.
ABSTRACT
Today's uncertain times have led to paradigm shifts in the world of work. The disruptive nature of unforeseen events (e.g. Covid-1 9) has a harsh impact on organizations' stakeholders, including employees, society and the environment. However, these events pose tougher challenges for vulnerable and weaker workers, particularly in getting access to decent and productive employment. While catering to the changing needs of business, organizations also find it difficult to provide decent work for all and achieve their social bottom lines. This paper aims to understand what role HRD plays, especially Sustainable HRD (S-HRD), in facilitating access to decent work. Conceptual analysis of the literature revealed that S-HRD practices have the potential to promote all the dimensions of DW: employment creation, social protection, employees' fundamental rights and social dialogue. This paper is an important stepping stone in the articulation of how S-HRD can help organizations to promote decent work. The perspectives presented in this study have potential implications for HRD practitioners in understanding the application and implementation of S-HRD practices. Furthermore, managers can also take note of specific S-HRD interventions from this paper to enable decent work in their organizations.
ABSTRACT
Context: The novel coronavirus was reported in the past few weeks of 2019 in the Wuhan city, China, and the spread and outbreaks of disease require an epidemiological analysis of the disease in the shortest time and increased awareness of effective interventions Aims: This article proposes an objective approach to predicting the continuation of the COVID-19 cases in India using a simple, but powerful time-series method. Settings and Design: Cumulative confirmed and cumulative recovered cases of COVID-19 in India are taken to forecast the prevalence of incoming 3 weeks. Subjects and Methods: The model is built to predict the number of confirmed cases and recovered cases based on the data available from March 14, 2020, to April 26, 2020. Statistical Analysis Used: The autoregressive-integrated moving average model was applied to predict the number of confirmed cases and recovered cases of COVID-19 during the next 3 weeks. Results: Our forecasts suggest a continuing increase in the confirmed COVID-19 cases with sizable associated uncertainty assuming that the data used are reliable and that the future will continue to follow the past pattern of the disease. Conclusions: The timeline of a live-forecasting exercise with potential implications for planning and decision making is described. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice. © 2020 International Journal of Academic Medicine ;Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.